Organized research activity is often characterized as a tale of two cultures: the fundamental or basic science of academia as against the applied, problem-solving R&D of industry. Although the two cultures have certainly never been as isolated from each other as the label ‘pure science’...

Ringvirkninger av virkemidler for innovasjon er nå i fokus internasjonalt. OECD gjennomførte i 2000 en undersøkelse av de sosioøkonomiske effektene knyttet til ulike innovasjonspolitiske virkemidler. Undersøkelsen viste at den samfunnsøkonomiske effekten av de direkte virkemidlene er, sett...

This paper presents the results of a pan-Nordic study to explore how small and medium-size enterprises use IPR. It is a pilot study that demonstrates a commonly developed approach designed to overcome the barriers that hinder study of IPR use by small firms. The pilot study focuses particularly...

The relationship between standards and intellectual property rights (IPRs) is a complementary but troubled one. The way it is managed affects the way stakeholders contribute to standards and may ultimately affect the way some technologies and even industries evolve. A spate of recent legal...

In the past decade, EU research policy has become more central to the EU's political ambitions and its instruments are expanding in scale and scope. Recently there has been mounting apprehension over the EU's R&D efforts, such as the Framework Programmes, and their adequacies in meeting European...

Starting on September 11, 2001, and following both actions and reactions around the world, it may well be that we have arrived at a major tipping point in terms of socio-economic development, political reform, as well as many other global issues - from financial and economic coordination to...

This paper examines the relationship between specialisation patterns in science, technology and economic performance in Norway by using the following indicators: business R&D specialisation, economic specialisation in terms of value-added and employment, and scientific publications involving...

The key message of this book is that heterogeneity should be seen as an intrinsic and indispensable element of knowledge systems. The authors address the concept of heterogeneity in a multi-disciplinary fashion, including perspectives from evolutionary economics and innovation system studies,...