the importance of users’ costs (their time); in the extreme, users’ costs disappear from the design problem. In this paper …

the dam site are as follows: [•] Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) (50% probabilityof non-exceedance for a design life of … with 90% probability of non-exceedancefor a design life of 50 years – corresponding to a return period of 475 years is 214 … amplification. Normalized site-specific acceleration response spectra for OBE and MCE design earthquakes is also given. Copyright …

earthquake-resistant design techniques. After the earthquake, the focus of discussion has been on the collapse of buildings …, while few queried the adequacy of design requirements. Importantly, similar “inadequacy” seems to repeat all around the …

Design of water distribution networks (WDNs) that do not consider performance criteria would possibly lead to less cost … networks are selected for least-cost design, considering water pressures and the amount of water supplied on each consumption … node under breakage level one, using the honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm. In each state of design, a …

The optimal design of a water distribution network is a simulation-optimization task that should consider conflicts … of the design alternatives by considering utilities of stakeholders. In this paper, the optimal design of two benchmark … network problems (Two-loop and Hanoi networks) is considered with minimization of design cost and maximization of system …

failure into the design of branched water networks. To this end, a new analytical probabilistic model was developed to …

associated stakeholders (water utility, government agencies) and tools such as engineering design, life cycle assessment and …