This study reports on the construction and psychometric assessment of a measure of export market orientation. Four multi-item scales were developed showing strong evidence of reliability and convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity in samples of U.K. and Dutch exporters. Further...

Industrial branding has emerged as an important issue, allowing firms to gain substantial competitive advantage, especially in markets where product commoditization and electronic procurement are on the increase. This article proposes, and empirically validates, a theoretically structured...

Clearly, managers must take into consideration the possible effect of their marketing strategies on the value of the firm. Charles Pahud de Mortanges and Alireza Tourani Rad use event-study analysis to test the hypothesis that the stock market value of a firm can be negatively affected by bad...

It is often assumed that brands represent an asset, as well as a source of current and future earnings and cash flows for a firm. As such, the value of the brand, or brand equity, should manifest itself in the market value of the firm and thus have an impact on shareholder value. Yet, almost no...

This paper examines the political risk assessment strategies of 23 Dutch firms. After a review of how political risk is defined throughout the literature, different assessment methods and management of risk are discussed. We then investigated the importance of various risk elements, the...

This study provides theoretical and practical insight into the use of control mechanisms in exporter-distributor relationships under different situational circumstances. The results support the different characteristics and requirements underlying three (outcome-based, behavior-based, and...

Cadogan and Lee (this issue) discuss the problems inherent in modeling formative latent variables as endogenous. In response to the commentaries by Rigdon (this issue) and Finn and Wang (this issue), the present article extends the discussion on formative measures. First, the article shows that...

Researchers often develop and test conceptual models containing formative variables. In many cases, these formative variables are specified as being endogenous. This article provides a clarification of formative variable theory, distinguishing between the formative latent variable and the...

In this paper the authors investigate enjoyment of the shopping experience, its influence on consumers' intention to repatronise a regional shopping centre and the effect of gender differences on shopping enjoyment. Four dimensions of shopping enjoyment are proposed and a 16-item measure is...

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and network ties are typically modeled as separate antecedents of performance. However, the boundary conditions for such models are under-explored, as is their applicability to developing economy settings. Accordingly, drawing on...