A tritrophic food chain chemostat model composed of a prey with Monod type nutrient uptake, a Holling type II predator and a Holling type II exploited superpredator is considered in this paper. The bifurcations of the model show that dynamic complexity first increases and then decreases with the...

Managers wish to motivate workers to exert effort. There is large literature on the use of wages and monetary incentives for this purpose, but in practice the “honor” or “prestige” of an award can be a significant motivator as well, unless the award is given so often that its prestige is...