"This study demonstrates that intraday volume and return on LIFFE interest rate and currency futures exhibit an asymmetric volume-return relationship characterised by significantly larger volume associated with negative returns than with non-negative returns. This finding is unlike the stylised...

We provide evidence supporting Rubinstein's (1973) model that if returns are not normal, measuring risk requires more than just measuring covariance. Higher-order systematic comoments should be important to risk-averse investors who are concerned about the extreme outcomes of their investments....