In this article, we provide a systematic study on effectively approximating the Gerber–Shiu functions, which is a hardly touched topic in the current literature, by incorporating the recently popular Fourier-cosine method. Fourier-cosine method has been a prevailing numerical method in option...

A hexagonal ordered structure of magnetic columns, which results from an agglomeration of magnetic particles, is obtained in a magnetic fluid film when a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the film surface. The evolution of the initially ordered structure in the magnetic fluid film...

A complete set of match calculation methods for optimum sizing of PV/wind hybrid system is presented. In this method, the more accurate and practical mathematic models for characterizing PV module, wind generator and battery are adopted; combining with hourly measured meteorologic data and load...

This paper proposes a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model for congested transit networks, together with a solution algorithm. A mathematical programming problem is formulated, that is equivalent to the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model for congested transit system. When the...

There are two difficulties in doing an objective evaluation of the performance of decision-making units (DMUs). The first one is how to treat undesirable outputs jointly produced with the desirable outputs, and the second one is how to treat uncontrollable variables, which often capture the...

In China, many ongoing problems in the electricity sector can be traced back to the old ‘centrally planned’ economy. Since the start of liberalization in the 1980s, the clash between a liberalized economy (excluding a few so-called strategic industries) and a centrally controlled electricity...

The residential buildings in Hong Kong are often developed into highrise central core blocks due to limited buildable land and dense population. The lift lobbies in these buildings are enclosed without windows and their floor heights are restricted to not more than 2.8m. Electric lighting is...

A large number of ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems have been used in residential and commercial buildings throughout the world due to the attractive advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. This paper gives a detailed literature review of the research and developments...

Incident energy on solar modules is lost both through reflection at the first air/glass interface of the packaging glass and through scattering or absorption by accumulated dust on outdoor panels. While simple antireflective coatings on the glass can help alleviate reflection in systems with...

The continuous network design problem (CNDP) is characterized by a bilevel programming model and recognized to be one of the most difficult and challenging problems in transportation. The main difficulty stems from the fact that the bilevel formulation for the CNDP is nonconvex and...