The security necessary for investment and income growth is difficult to establish in areas where the government is weak … commitments to establish security. We model the production of security in regions characterized by relatively weak central … determine the level of public security. Strategic underinvestment in security by the government occurs whenever the government …

liberal opposition to share office rents, while the alternative to the negotiation is a violent conflict that ends with either … deposition of the monarchy or absolute rule by the monarch. A model of conflict between the king and the liberal opposition is … explored where conflict for office rents is a costly contest with probabilistic outcomes and results in a reduction of …

to compensation; a longer shadow of the future can intensify conflict; and, more competition among providers of …

This note is about the possibility of a stalemate in a continuing conflict. Following the prevailing economic … literature on the topic, under some assumptions, the outcome of a conflict can be described in two ways: (i) a predetermined … stake. By contrast, in reality many disputes do not have a clear or a definite outcome. A stalemate can end the conflict …

This paper considers a partial equilibrium model of conflict where two asymmetric, rational and risk-neutral opponents … instrument to affect the outcome of the conflict. The second instrument is assumed to capture positive investments in ‘conflict … for the measurement and evaluation of conflict and …

effects of international trade, besides keeping markets open to further reduce the potential of international conflict. Die …

This paper considers a partial equilibrium model of conflict where two asymmetric, rational and risk-neutral opponents … conflict in order to appropriate a positive fraction of a stake. An institutional constraint is modelled through an exogenously … conflicting agents are willing to commit themselves to ease the conflict joining an institutional setting they do not ‘disarm …