From the literature on decentralization, it appears that the fiscal vertical imbalance (i.e. the dependence of sub-national governments on national government revenues to support their expenditures) is somehow inherent to multi-level governments. Using a stylized model we show that this leads to...

In regression analysis, classical estimations may be excessively influenced by a few atypical observations. We propose a Hausman-type test to balance robustness and efficiency and to check whether a robust method should be implemented. An economic application is presented.

In the presence of outliers in a dataset, a least squares estimation may not be the most adequate choice to get representative results. Indeed estimations could have been excessively infuenced even by a very limited number of atypical observations. In this article, we propose a new Hausman-type...

In this paper, we follow the same logic as in Hausman (1978) to create a testing procedure that checks for the presence of outliers by comparing a regression estimator that is robust to outliers (S-estimator), with another that is more e¢ cient but a¤ected by them. Some simulations are...

The main goal of this paper is to warn practitioners of the danger of neglecting outliers in regression analysis, in particular, good leverage points (i.e. points lying close to the regression hyperplane but outlying in the "x"-dimension). While the types of outliers which do influence...

When dealing with the presence of outliers in a dataset, the problem of choosing between the classical ordinary least squares and robust regression methods is sometimes addressed inadequately. In this article, we propose using a Hausman-type test to determine whether a robust S- estimator is...