without other branches. Differences in economic performance are reflected primarily in lower levels of productivity and wages …, but also in the lower export rates of the smaller establishments. The data also show that the rise in employment in 2010 …

In this paper we analyse productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment using firm-level panel data for U …; distinguish spillovers from export-oriented vs domestic-market-oriented FDI; and allow for differing effects, depending on … domestic firms' export activities. The results suggest that the mechanisms through which spillovers affect domestic firms are …

studies; looks at agricultural incomes, wages, and other poverty-linked economic indicators; examines impact of the export …-oriented pattern of economic growth, particularly on small farm productivity, food production, land tenure and rural employment …