-sample and out-of-sample hedging effectiveness estimators. Through mathematical and simulation analysis we determine the …Hedging effectiveness is the proportion of price risk removed through hedging. Empirical hedging studies typically … estimate a set of risk minimizing hedge ratios, estimate the hedging effectiveness statistic, apply the estimated hedge ratios …

aim of increasing the efficiency of straw utilisation by cattle and buffaloes in some Australian and Indian situations …

This research examined a simple sorting strategy to reduce the prevalence of heavyweight carcass discounts. Cattle that … were identified and sorted off at re-implant had a reduced prevalence of heavyweight carcasses versus unsorted cattle. Re …

-Sudan cross-border cattle trade. Small farmer exporters and traders are the major actors in the illegal cattle marketing system …Both legal and illegal livestock marketing systems are operating at different magnitudes in the Amhara Region’s Ethio … while medium- to largescale licensed exporters are dominantly operating in the legal system. Most cattle sales are related …

The first step towards forecasting the price and output of the cattle industry is understanding the dynamics of the … estimate the parameters that characterizes the cattle output supply. The model is then used to estimate forecast values for the …

be economical for them to grow naturally produced cattle. The objective was to discover the attributes that marketing …A growing number of beef cattle producers in the US are using limited information to determine whether or not it would … companies prefer for the naturally produced cattle they purchase, and to elicit the price premiums being offered for cattle that …

percent) in the proportion of crossbred dairy cows in the national herd (estimated to be 11 million cattle). At farm level … breeding programs negatively affect numbers of dairy cattle stocks especially in Northern Uganda. Furthermore, the perpetually …

significant regional differences. These results reflect differences in State level milk marketing arrangements in place before …

marketing activities. However, publications by China's State Statistical Bureau underestimate animal product consumption. Such … underestimated statistics affect policy making and marketing initiatives and also lead to the estimation of distorted parameters that …