Today artificial neural networks are very useful to solve complex dynamic games of various types, i.e., to approximate optimal strategies with sufficient accuracy. Exemplarily four synthesis approaches for the solution of zero-sum, noncooperative dynamic games are outlined and discussed. Either...

Since 2011 China attempts to internationalise its currency by allowing more cross-border trade to be settled in renminbi (RMB). Via the so-called RMB Trade Settlement Scheme trade partners are able to pay and to be paid in RMB offshore. Due to the mostly closed mainland (onshore) market, both...

Das Thema Sicherheit erlangt einen immer größeren Stellenwert in der Gesellschaft. Der Begriff „Sicherheit“ kann dabei verschiedene Bedeutungen annehmen. In diesem Paper wird Sicherheit im Sinne von „Security: Sicherheit von Personen oder Sachen vor gezielten Ein- oder Übergriffen (z.B....

E(Electronic)-learning becomes more and more important. Reasons are the paramount importance of knowledge, life-time learning, globalization and mobility. Not all providers of e-learning products succeed in closing the gap between production costs and revenues. Especially in the academic sector...

Contemporary lifelong learning (L3) concepts require permeability between higher and further education. Today, human resources development is a critical success factor in a global environment. Shorter innovation cycles and the challenges of the service economy imply the alignment of further...

Price comparison services are being used by more and more internet users worldwide to compare prices of (online-)suppliers. The characteristics of price comparison services differ internationally. Not only are they different in the reference to their scope of work. Also with regard to the...

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ABSTRACT Equity block trade transactions per se directly relate to the valuation of a company's equity capital. These transactions are executed outside the continuous trading system and single price system, and involve trading of large volumes of shares at an agreed price. This paper...

ABSTRACT Should we make financial forecasts? The usual answer looks like Pascal's wager: we don't know whether God exists; who erroneously believes loses nothing, who correctly believes wins everything; who correctly disbelieves, gains nothing, who erroneously disbelieves loses everything....