The uprising and military confrontation in Libya that began in February 2011 has led to disruptions of gas supplies to Europe. An analysis of how Europe has compensated for these missing gas volumes shows that this situation has not affected security of supply. However, this situation would...

Increasing European natural gas import dependency and risks of natural gas supply disruptions support the need for additional natural gas infrastructure. Demand developments and major import pipeline commissionings have a major impact on the level of market integration and the secure supply of...

As a complementary study, KfW Bankengruppe and the ZEW have developed a second annual survey in the framework of the KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer: the KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer – Manufacturing Industry Edition. The aim is to shed light on recent developments in the German manufacturing industry driven by...

The KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer – developed as part of a cooperation project of KfW Bankengruppe and the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) – has been analysing the situation of the German companies regulated under the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on an annual basis...

As a complementary study, KfW Bankengruppe and the ZEW have developed a second annual survey in the framework of the KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer: the KfW/ZEW-CO2-Barometer – Manufacturing Industry Edition. The aim is to shed light on recent developments in the German manufacturing industry driven by...

The KfW/ZEW CO2 Barometer – developed as part of a cooperative project of KfW Bankengruppe and the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) – has been analyzing the situation of German companies regulated under the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on an annual basis since...

Improving energy efficiency is one of the three pillars of the European energy and climate targets for 2020 and has led to the introduction of several policy measures to promote energy efficiency. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of subsidies in increasing energy efficiency in residential...

Over the last decade, German multinationals created about two million jobs abroad with increasing foreign direct investment (FDI). While there are many reasons for firms to go multinational and probably just as many for Germany's high unemployment, this paper aims to investigate the relationship...

Greenhouse gas emission reductions are at the centre of national and international efforts to mitigate climate change. In road transportation, many politically incentivised measures focus on increasing the energy efficiency of established technologies, or promoting electric or hybrid vehicles....

Rising import dependency, increasing market liberalization and cross-border trade and security of supply fears facilitate investments in natural gas supply infrastructures in Europe. In order to ensure an efficient allocation of capital resources, it is important to identify congestion in the...