We empirically investigate the determinants of sovereign bond spreads in the euro area since the beginning of the crisis. We combine economic but also political uncertainty variables for three different groups of countries. We took into account an institutional shift in the spring 2010. Before...

During the 19th century, the Utopian economists (as Karl Marx ironically nicknamed them) developed some revolutionary projects of social organisation, breaking away from capitalism. Opposed to political violence, their writings anticipated a peaceful evolution towards a social model similar to...

This article deals with the motives of European monetary unification. It was a long and difficult process which began in 1969 and ended up in 1999. European monetary union is one of the most important economic events of the XXth century but it remains fragile. Completing economic governance is...