A reliable public electricity supply depends in part on a reliable electricity grid system to transmit and distribute electrical power from generating stations to consumers. The grid system comprises many components that are exposed to the weather and can experience faults as a result of weather...

The European Programme on Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP) of the European Commission is in search for a methodology to analyse economic consequences of critical infrastructure failure in the European Union. A combined Systems Engineering and Inoperability Input-Output model (SE-IIM)...

As part of a larger effort to fund public universities, variable fees at the graduate and undergraduate levels are a topic of discussion in the United States and increasingly throughout the European Union. This essay describes the relatively new shift to have students pay for a significant...

The impacts of market-related policies and revenues on higher education are not uniform but globalisation has opened most institutions to new pressures. The public funding models developed 50 years ago underestimated the full cost of mass higher education as an entitlement while the sheer scale...

Dans le cadre d’un effort plus vaste visant à financer les universités publiques, l’instauration de droits de scolarité variables aux niveaux post-licence et pré-licence fait débat aux États-Unis et, de plus en plus, dans toute l’Union européenne. Le présent article décrit la...

Si les impacts sur l’enseignement supérieur des politiques et des revenus liés au marché ne sont pas uniformes, la mondialisation a toutefois exposé la plupart des établissements à de nouvelles pressions. Les modèles de financement public élaborés il y a 50 ans ont sous-estimé le...

Wynn and Coolidge [2004] have hypothesized that one of the key reasons why the Homo Sapiens progressed to being modern man while the Neanderthal man didn�t, is that the former developed through innovation (from artefacts to advanced hunting methods) while the latter has left no trace of...

This paper sets out to explain and decipher luxury and especially inaccessible luxury with the intent to provide enterprises three new analytical tools to ensure they stay ‘in front of the pack’. The paper starts by assessing what luxury was and is today and how and why it has evolved so...

Wynn and Coolidge [2004] have hypothesized that one of the key reasons why the Homo Sapiens progressed to being modern man while the Neanderthal man didn’t, is that the former developed through innovation (from artefacts to advanced hunting methods) while the latter has left no trace of such...

This short paper discusses the evolution of branding and its projection in the near and distant future. In particular it examines and suggests why certain brands have become legends and common place e.g. Coca Cola, Mercedes, McDonalds etc. The authors start from Sapir-Whorf’s hypothesis for...