The Soviet dictatorship used secrecy to shield its processes from external scrutiny. A system of accounting for … government transactions. There is evidence of both compliance and evasion. The burden of secrecy was multiplied because the … system was also secret and so had to account for itself. Unique documentation of a small regional bureaucracy, the Lithuania …

of autocratic government. This paper finds archival evidence of significant costs, multiplied by secrecy’s recursive … spread locally until higher authorities intervened. The paper uses the case of a small regional bureaucracy, the Lithuania … KGB, to estimate the aggregate costs of handling secret paperwork. Over the period from 1954 to 1982, accounting for …

she introduces endogenous transaction costs in the market for information between those agents. Incentive schemes and … communication costs are the key strategic variables used by the firm to induce frictions in collusive markets. Unverifiable …

the history of Stalin’s dictatorship, using statistical evidence extracted from the formerly secret records of the …

against the history of Stalin’s dictatorship, using statistical evidence extracted from the formerly secret records of the …

Vorteilhaftigkeit bezogen sich in der Regel auf Teilaspekte: entweder nur die Kosten- oder nur die Steuereffekte wurden untersucht … geben, wobei Kosten- und Steuereffekte gleichermaßen berücksichtigt werden. Dabei steht nicht die Frage im Vordergrund …