We examine the ability of male immigrants to transfer the occupational human capital they acquired prior to immigration … skill requirements of pre- and post-immigration occupations. We find that male immigrants to Canada were employed in source … immigration, they find initial employment in occupations that require the opposite. These discrepancies are both larger and more …

after immigration, followed by family-based visa recipients, with refugees having the lowest proficiency. These differences … disappear by 3 1/2 years after immigration for speaking skills but they persist for reading and writing skills. The variables …

investigate the importance of characteristics related to immigration for the labour market position of Turkish immigrants. We use … explained partly by differences in immigration rules. In Germany economic self-reliance is more important than in the …