job level changes the workers' use belief about the possibility of a promotion from the previous period. Reasons why the … respondent believes that a promotion is not possible are used as a second set of instruments. Also, the paper estimates separate …

This report argues that a key driver in rising inequality and a decline in the employment to population ratio is … links this policy-induced flexibility to high and rising inequality and shows that such flexibility ceased long ago to …

impact of “greening the economy†for African Americans and suggests possible steps toward addressing inequality in …

workforce by lowering the hiring standard for blacks. Despite such a diversity goal at hiring, task assignment and promotion … similar promotion rates. I test the model's predictions using new data from the After the JD study -- a unique longitudinal … partner. This black-white difference in promotion rates can be explained by quality differences in task assignments early in …

Winning in the battle for jobs is two-fold: making gains in jobs and relief, and making gains in the development of … mobilizations of unemployed, employed, and unionized workers. Communist organizations have often combined efforts to win “survival …