A trading ratio is required for water quality trading that involves nonpoint sources to compensate for the difficulty of determining nonpoint loadings, the stochastic characteristics of nonpoint loadings, and the uncertainty inherent in nonpoint source pollution control strategies. Compensating...

A concern for any program that offers payment for environmental services is that those services be additional. Non-additional services are those that would have been provided without the payment. One source of non-additionality is farmer misrepresentation of their pre-program management. Farm...

The optimal pollution permit trading system is examined when the regulator, faced with incomplete information on firms' abatement costs and delivery coefficients, seeks to minimize expected total abatement costs to meet an ex ante pollution target. Intuitively, we find that the optimal trading...

Over the past several decades, market-based approaches to natural resource management have received increased attention as a means to cost-effectively achieve environmental quality goals. Following on what has been hailed a success for reducing air pollution, water quality trading (WQT) has more...

When nonpoint source pollution is stochastic and the damage function is convex, intuition might suggest it is more important to control a nonpoint pollution source than a point source. Earlier research has provided sufficient conditions such that the permit price for a unit of ex-ante expected...

The Odiel River is located in southwestern Spain; the greater portion of its basin is composed of materials from the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IBP), an area with numerous massive sulfide deposits that have been highly exploited since the third millennium BC. As sulfides come into contact with the...

The Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain) is a highly relevant source of Acid Mine Drainage contamination on a global scale. Although the Tinto and Odiel Rivers, which cross the Iberian Pyrite Belt, have been widely studied by various authors, an issue is still pending: the study of the metal load...

Acid mine drainage is the main problem encountered by sulphide mining operations, not only because of its ecological aspects, but also because, once it appears, it is very difficult to remediate both technologically and economically. This paper characterises the response of an acid mine...

Several thousand kilometers of West Virginia streams are degraded by acid mine drainage, and the estimates for cleanup range in the billions of dollars (US$). This article demonstrates the use of a nonmarket valuation technique, benefit transfer, to estimate the benefits of restoring an impaired...

We present a model of additionality for offsets sold from agriculture to industrial sector sources regulated by cap-and-trade. We consider a potential policy where agricultural sources would not be covered by cap-and-trade requirements but would be eligible to receive offsets whenever their...