-weighted large indices suffering survivor bias. They are more consistent with the history of the French financial markets and …

guarantees success but many guarantee failure. The Anna Karenina (TAK) bias is a logical consequence. TAK bias is more insidious … than the kindred Survivor bias, which cautions that measured variables for passively observed survivors often differ from … easily overlooked nonsurvivors. TAK bias, in contrast, cautions that the observed variables themselves might differ for …