Alan S. Milward was an economic historian who developed an implicit theory of historical change. His interpretation which was neither liberal nor Marxist posited that social, political, and economic change, for it to be sustainable, had to be a gradual process rather than one resulting from a...

The asymmetries created by the non-conventional threats tend to lean the international security toward its human approach. Nevertheless, we now have to deal with the need for international cooperation and with finding complex solution to complex global issues. The international scene can be...

I. Origin of Integration in Human History : Since life first began on earth 3.5 billions years ago, countless species have appeared and disappeared strictly according to the law of the jungle where only the fittest survived. Before the emergence of mankind, the earth had already gone through...

This paper empirically assesses how democratization affects real exchange rates. Specifically, in line with the democratic peace theory we argue that democratization reduces currency undervaluation, and thus, might bring misalignments in foreign exchange markets to an end. We test this...

This paper empirically assesses how democratization affects real exchange rates. By doing this, we combine so far separated strands of the economic literature and argue that democratization reduces currency undervaluation leading to a real exchange rate appreciation. We test this hypothesis...

This book describes all features of globalization : trade, foreign direct investment, flows of capital and moneys, international organizations. It gives arguments in favour of globalization and critics against it.

The purpose of the article is to measure the outside potential of the OECD countries with the help of the K-index, an indicator we created after conducting a survey on it. Later on the index will be used to classify Hungary’s performance in a three-dimensional matrix of institutions. After an...

Maintaining today’s global imbalances would help overcome the major disproportion of our times — income gap between developed and developing countries. This gap was widening for 500 years, since the XVI century, and only now, in recent 60 years, there are some signs that this gap is starting...

This paper gives an overview of the role of the IMF in the European debt crisis. It describes the rescue packages and the involvement of the IMF. The main part discusses the pros and cons of the participation of the IMF in elaborating and monitoring the economic adjustment programs for the...

En los últimos años, el paisaje o territorio político" ha sido tan notablemente modificado y cambiado que se puede rechazar la idea de "final de la historia" en América del Sur, particularmente a partir del siglo XXI. Diversos investigadores como Bjorn Hettne, Osvaldo Sunkel y Philippe De...