The increase in direct taxes has not been able to offset the decline that resulted from the reduction in customs tariff and decline in excise revenue. The task facing the policymakers now is to explore ways in which the tax ratio can be pushed up without going back on the basic elements of the...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the transfer of financial flows of subsidies and taxes between the state and the beneficiary. In this respect, the topic deals with the return cash flow from the recipient to the state budget, the impact of taxes and VAT rates. The result is a compilation of...

Wegen der unübersichtlichen Datenlage, der schleppenden Steuerabführung und Hemmnissen beim verwaltungstechnischen Inkasso wird eine der Realität einigermaßen gerecht werdende Steuerschätzung einschließlich der DDR erst dann möglich sein, wenn effektive Aufkommensdaten von dort vorliegen....