approved by a majority in referendum voting (Stockholm and Milan). This paper presents a review of referendum voting behaviour …

mechanisms and guarantees enjoyed by voters and the effective way of their use, in order to give life to the direct democracy … Court for the ex ante constitutional review of the issue subject to a referendum, the review of constitutionality of the …

The negative referendum results in France and the Netherlands have been construed as signs of a deep gap between the … an intergovernmental, executive-style approach, with limited popular input, at least until the referendum stage. The … undertaking in explicit constitutional terms and opened and democratized aspects of the process. The negative referendum results …

-leaders is the view of popular referendums as an unconscionable risk for the integration process--the referendum roulette. One of … the favourite arguments against ratification of European treaties by popular referendum is that voters cannot be expected …

democracy in the Member States and stresses the transparency-deficiencies. It examines the extra-legal factors of a functioning … democracy and argues that they are present in nuce and can evolve in interaction with the legal institutions. It points out …. Against this background, the prospects for the EC/EU are that of a semi-parliamentary and semi-consociational democracy. …

The result of a referendum delivers a significant amount of information about social preferences to each composite … member of the society. This paper argues that, beyond this obvious fact, the choice not to offer a referendum by an authority … referendum option in the rules of a game, that is, by enabling the authority to offer referenda at will, results in an assured re …