Explores recent progress made in implementing freedom of association and collective bargaining in Indonesia. Examines the difficulties and practical issues that the Government and social partners have faced and identifies issues requiring further attention. Considers the contribution of ILO...

Can financial connections to the military provide economic value in democratic environments? We address this question by studying whether firms in which the Turkish military had a controlling financial interest earned abnormally high stock returns on the Istanbul stock exchange. Our findings...

Today, approximately one-fourth of the world’s population includes 1,620 million persons who are part of the expanding Islamic Ummah. Muslims are found in large numbers in all regions of the world but are concentrated in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and selected successor states to the former...

This paper provides causal evidence on long-term consequences of Jewish expulsions in Nazi Germany on the educational attainment and political outcomes of German children. We combine a unique city-level dataset on the fraction of Jewish population residing in Germany before the Nazi Regime with...

This paper establishes a simple model of long run economic and political development, which is driven by the inherent technical features of dierent production factors and the political con.icts among factor owners on how to divide the outputs. The main production factor in economy evolves from...

This paper establishes a simple model of long run economic and political development, which is driven by the inherent technical features of dierent production factors, and political conicts among factor owners on how to divide the outputs. The main capital form in economy evolves from land to...