This four-chapter overview of basic exchange rate theories discusses (i) the elasticity and absorption approach, (ii) the (long-run) implications of the monetary approach, (iii) the short-run effects of monetary and fiscal policy under various economic conditions, and (iv) the transition from...

This paper looks at three countries that have been hard-hit by the world economic recession, and have turned to the IMF for assistance: Hungary, Latvia, and Ukraine. In all of these countries, it would appear that there were more sensible responses to the crisis that would reduce the loss of...

Israel’s monetary policy framework is broadly sound. Inflation targeting was introduced in the early 1990s, and low single-digit inflation was established by the end of the decade. However, fast transmission from the exchange rate to inflation means the operational challenges differ somewhat...

The Broad Economic Policy Guidelines contain the answers of the European Commission and the governments of the EU-member countries to the European growth and employment problems. These guidelines have been the major EU-economic policy concept for around ten years now. They can be seen as a...

Historically, informedness of economic agents via price stability has been a rationale for the money supply rule derived from the Quantity Theory of Money. The monetarists maintain that changes in the price level are attributable to the level of the money supply; hence, a money supply rule is...

The identification is made of those conditions by which it is possible to generate synergy or mutually enforcing relations between economic development and environment conservation with the perspective of a systems entropy flow limits. Monetary and fiscal policies are the framework of structural...

The Broad Economic Policy Guidelines contain the answers of the European Com-mission and the EU-governments to the growth and employment problems in the EU. These guidelines have been the EU-economic policy concept for ten years now, but this concept has not been able to generate sustained...

This paper looks at the planned austerity measures in Spain, the rationale for the spending cuts and tax increases, likely outcomes for future debt-to-GDP ratios, and the probable results of alternative policies.

The focus of this paper is to examine potential impacts of fiscal and monetary policies on stock market performance in Poland. Applying the GARCH model and based on a sample during 1999.Q2 to 2012.Q4, this paper finds that Poland’s stock market index is not affected by the ratio of government...

Global economy was significantly affected by the global financial crisis and especially the budget balance of all countries. Sovereign debts cause the lack of stability and the shift of monetary policy. This paper is about the recent evolutions in euro zone and its perspectives. The Euro break...