-coupled organization. We measure modularity by capturing the level of coupling between a product's components. The magnitude of the …

argue that the degree of modularity is an active choice variable for a firm. As a result, it is necessary to focus on the … underlying fac-tors that drive both modularity and the organization of production. This provides insights into the transformation …

, and the emergence and diffusion of new design strategies for both products and organisations, namely modularity. The … emergence of modularity as a product and organisational design strategy is clearly connected to recent trends in organisational … design. Modularity would allow the decoupling of complex artifacts into simpler, self-contained modules. Each module would …

implementation of such innovations. From the literature on modularity, we borrow the idea that the evolutionary dynamics of artifacts …

, modularity, and customization. They find a complementarity effect between systems integration and solution design approaches: if … evidence of complementarity between breadth and customization, but not between breadth and modularity nor between customization … and modularity. …

this issue with modularity theory, suggesting a continuum of arrangements ranging from hierarchy to market. Hierarchy …, communication and relationships between firms than do fully modular (or market) forms. While modularity theory identifies this … continuum, the associated empirical literature tends to dichotomize modularity: firms are either modular or they are not. Nor …