After the split-up of the USSR Turkey may become a focus of economic dynamism in the Black Sea area. A free trade agreement between EFTA and Turkey has taken effect as from April 1st, 1992. A similar treaty is to be negotiated by mid-1992 with Israel whereby trade discrimination of EFTA...

The "European Agreements" of the EC with the countries of East Central Europe (Hungary, CSFR and Poland) mark an important step towards integrating this region into European free trade. The time lead of the EC vis-à-vis EFTA as well as various "technical" problems (particularly concerning the...

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and European integration are comparable in more than one way. At the end of the eighties the United States, like Europe, were confronted with an unexpected political and economic challenge: the neighboring region opted for a democratic and liberal...

The fights in Slovenia and Croatia interrupted some important transport links to South-Eastern-Europe. The decline of Austria's foreign trade with Yugoslavia accelerated. Austria's tourism industry benefitted to some extent from the collapse of tourism in Yugoslavia. Retail and wholesale firms...

In 1991, the deficit in the foreign trade balance cumulated to AS 114.3 billion, 23.2 billion more than in 1990. In view of the strong growth of economic activity recorded this development is, by itself, not a matter of concern. The ratio of the trade deficit to GDP rose by 0.9 percentage points...

Foreign trade expanded rapidly in the first half of 1989. As imports rose more quickly than exports the trade deficit widened markedly. Deliveries to the East and to the non-OPEC developing countries grew particularly strongly. Foreign demand buoyancy extended to all major commodity groups. In...

Foreign indebtedness of Eastern countries has increased by about $ 12 billion in 1992 to a level of $ 195 billion. While remaining broadly unchanged in the countries of East Central Europe ($ 78 billion) it rose strongly in South Eastern Europe (37 billion) and even more in the successor states...