This article provides finite sample conditions for the ratio of permanent to total inequality based on methods of Gottschalk and Moffitt (1994) to be equivalent to the Shorrocks <italic>R</italic> constructed with a Theil General Entropy Index. A simple test emerges of whether the two measures can be seen as...

<title>Abstract</title> This paper explores the external costs of domestic container transportation in Taiwan by analysing the origin and destination of current container cargoes. After reviewing an extensive literature survey of methods of external cost, a comparison of external costs between trucking and...

In this paper we examine the finite sample performance of two estimators one developed by Blundell, Chen, and Kristensen (2007) (BCK) and the other by Gagliardini and Scaillet (2007) (TIR). This paper focuses on the generalization and expansion of these estimators to a full nonparametric...

In the crowd security research area a primary concern is to identify the macro state of crowd behaviors to prevent disasters and to supervise the crowd behaviors. The entropy is used to describe the macro state of a self-organization system in physics. The entropy change indicates the system...

The primary goal of multivariate statistical process performance monitoring is to identify deviations from normal operation within a manufacturing process. The basis of the monitoring schemes is historical data that have been collected when the process is running under normal operating...

"Everybody talks about financial innovation, but (almost) nobody empirically tests hypotheses about it." Frame and White (2004) The financial turmoil from 2007 onwards has spurred renewed debates on the "bright" and "dark" sides of financial innovation. Using bank-, industry- and country-level...

Disability income insurance (DI) and its pricing in mainland China is discussed with a focus on the current situation, market prospects, and the pricing process. Our study concludes that (1) there is a bright future for commercial DI, but current consumers are mainly urban residents with...

This article examines price discovery with and without trading through the use of pre-opening quotes in the absence of trading and trading-day quotes in the presence of trading on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The non-trading mechanism is found to be conducive to the price discovery process. A high...

Research that examined the land utilization of the container terminals in a global perspective[1] revealed that the land utilization planned and achieved by Asian container terminals are much higher than the terminals in western Europe and North America. From the operational point of view, this...