Purpose – This paper aims to study network effects and the impacts on market structure in the specific context of China's network industries. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is organized in the mode of “concept-model analysis-empirical examination”. Starting from the concept of...

Human settlement expansion has very important effects on regional population migration, economic balance and ecosystem services. Understanding the evolution of settlement expansion and regional differences is significant for regional sustainability. The results showed that in the past 30 years,...