In recent years, urban researchers have differentiated the concept of ethnic niches into industrial and occupational niches. This research was done in four selected cities in four different areas of China: Shenzhen (South), Huhhot (North), Qingdao (East), and Kunming (West). An important aspect...

This paper examines the relationship between income, pollution, and mortality in China from 1991-2012. Using first-difference models, we document a robust positive association between city-level GDP and life expectancy. We also find a negative association between city-level particulate air...