Modern international economic relations are characterised with reduction of rates of economic growth of the majority of developed economic systems, gradual oligopolisation of international markets, domination of private investors interests in political relations, growth of intensity and...

We analyze a monetary system of random money transfer on the basis of double entry bookkeeping. Without boundary conditions, we do not reach a price equilibrium and violate text-book formulas of economist's quantity theory (MV=PQ). To match the resulting quantity of money with the model...

Currency debasement, defined as a loss of precious metal content (intrinsic value) of the circulating penny currencies over time, was a common feature in the monetary history of Europe, c. 1400–1900. Over the centuries the loss rate was sustained; between 1400 and 1900 A. D. the (south) German...

В статье рассматриваются понятие рыночной экономики, типы экономических моделей, анализируются субъективные и объективные причины результатов...

В статье исследованы особенности структурного построения современной денежной системы, проанализированы ее функциональные, институциональные и...