This article suggests that the validity of the Trade-Off Theory (TOT) and Pecking-Order Theory (POT) to explain financing decisions varies among small, medium-sized and large firms. Using dynamic panel data tests on a sample of 3439 Spanish firms over the period 1995--2003, results are partially...

Academic research into firms that have gone public has focused on the study of two anomalies: initial underpricing and long-run underperformance. We analyse Spanish Initial Public Offerings to provide additional evidence on the long-run performance of IPOs and its relationship with initial...

This paper analyzes the effect of banking liberalization on debt structure in a sample of firms in 37 developed and developing countries. Banking liberalization increases on average debt availability and reduces its maturity. Debt availability increases in countries with stronger supervision and...

This paper analyzes the effect of financial leverage on corporate operating performance and how this effect varies across countries. Results for 10,375 firms in 39 countries indicate that the performance of firms with greater leverage is significantly reduced compared to their competitors in...