International differences in educational attainment rates affect the volume of trade through several channels. According to the factor proportions model of trade, the ratio of highly educated workers to less educated workers in each country determines the national product mix. In this model, the...

Econometric estimates of exchange rate pass-through usually assume that 100% of the exporter's costs are denominated in the exporter's currency. However, the literature on trade in value added indicates that a country's exports often include imported intermediates with costs that may be...

U.S. industries have reduced their releases of toxic chemicals in recent years. These publicly reported environmental improvements can increase the demand for U.S. products abroad by increasing the perceived quality of these products in countries that are concerned about the environmental...