the relationship between business and politics throughout history from the colonial period up to contemporary Indonesia …

. The paper discusses when and why clientelism on the basis of party affiliation may arise. Operationally, party …-based clientelism is defined as a bias of public policy in favour of members of the governing political party. In a sample of local … governments in India, party-based clientelism is shown to exist in two out of four states and to be strongly affected by economic …

obtain an image of the characteristics of politically connected firms and of the politicians connected to them. Our results … show that the majority of listed companies are politically connected and politicians, in some cases, are involved with … observed groups. Concerning to the politicians serving on the board of directors and supervisory board, this paper shows that …

The paper argues that for political reasons elected politicians are more likely to be engaged in targeted … redistribution than appointed bureaucrats. It uses the example of patronage jobs in the U.S. local governments to provide empirical … the case of politicians, which is consistent with younger bureaucrats having stronger career concerns. …

recent financial crisis? This paper discusses the findings of recent research that uses a detailed database of the lobbying … 2006 in the United States. The evidence suggests that spending on lobbying by the financial industry and network … effectiveness of lobbying activities. In addition, lobbying was associated with more risk-taking during 2000-07 and with worse …

Washington's 'revolving door' - the movement from government service into the lobbying industry - is regarded as a … the notion that lobbyists sell access to powerful politicians, the drop in revenue is increasing in the seniority of and …

politicians’ voting districts, to active forms, such as lobbying, campaign contributions, and employment of connected directors … various forms of political influence, ranging from passive connections between firms and politicians, such as those based on …

Washington's 'revolving door' - the movement from government service into the lobbying industry- is regarded as a major … notion that lobbyists sell access to powerful politicians, the drop in revenue is increasing in the seniority of and …