Approaches that assume values for health-related quality of life do not vary with the age of a patient may bias economic analyses that use these values. If patient age could affect valuations, then age should be included in the valuation exercise. Additional research should evaluate the effect...

Sediments in estuary areas are recognized as the ultimate reservoirs for numerous contaminants, e.g., toxic metals. Multivariate analyses by chemometric evaluation were performed to classify metal ions (Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd) in superficial sediments from Lingdingyang Bay and to...

At the same time of tending forests, it is necessary to explore the under-forest economic development mode, bring into play production function of economic plants, establish cultivation mode of edible fungus, wild vegetables and medicinal plants under forest, to obtain certain economic benefit...

This paper investigates how changes in the central bank policy and retail mortgage rates affected real housing prices in New Zealand during the period 1999–2009. We find that real interest rates are significantly and positively related to real housing prices, indicating that increases in the...

This paper proposes an improved net rate methodology to use the assessed land values to proxy the land contribution in real estate appraisals. The assumption in the method is that neighbourhood effects are capitalised into uniform land assessments. Compared to the traditional sales comparison...

This paper studies how commodity price movements have affected the local house prices in commodity-dependent economies, Australia and New Zealand. We build a geographically hierarchical empirical model and find the commodity prices influence local house prices directly and also indirectly...

This paper proposes an improved net rate analysis using the assessed land values to proxy market land values in real estate appraisals. Compared to the traditional sales comparison approach, the method has greatly simplified the comparison process and extended the potential pool of comparable...

The sale price appraisal ratio (SPAR) method, which takes the ratios of the current house prices and their previous assessed values to construct an index, has been applied in New Zealand since the 1960s. This paper uses housing market transaction data for 12 cities in New Zealand (1994-2004) to...

There was a problem for the effectiveness of monetary policy by setting OCR changes to influence house price movements. We find that the announced OCR changes had a close link to the floating or short-term mortgage rate changes, and in contrast house price movements were linked to long-term...

Utilising a selection of 10 urban area data sets in New Zealand for the period 1994--2004, we examine local house price co‐movements by using various house price indexing approaches, at a monthly level. Applying the Granger causality test based on a vector error correction model (VECM), where...