The main aim of research was to check if downside risk is priced at Warsaw Stock Exchange. The analyzing of changing in models parameters in different phase of economic situation was the additional aim. Semi-variance was better measure of risk then variance in capital asset pricing model. The...

In the classic Markowitz model, risk is measured by the return rates variance. However, equal treatment of negative and positive deviations from the expected return rate is a slight shortcoming of variance as the risk measure. Markowitz defined semi-variance to measure the negative deviations...