The growing demand for energy, commitments taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel depletion and other issues enforced to accept the decision to analyze financing issues of renewable energy sector worldwide. This paper addresses two financing issues – financing channels and...

Pakistan is going through a severe energy crisis due to an increasing gap between demand and supply. Its current energy needs are heavily dependent upon conventional thermal power plants which mainly use oil and gas. In addition to the economic problems associated with importing oil for...

The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) approach has become popular, especially in the field of renewable energy. We argue that when assessing levelized cost of energy, different rates should be used for borrowing and discount rates. We further argue that the risk-free rate should be used for...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is expected as one of the ideal renewable energy resources which can be used in large scale in Hong Kong. This paper presents an in-depth investigation into the development potential of rooftop PV system in Hong Kong and its environmental benefits as well. The...

Solar energy is a source, which can be exploited in two main ways to generate power: direct conversion into electric energy using photovoltaic panels and by means of a thermodynamic cycle. In both cases the amount of energy, which can be converted, is changing daily and seasonally, causing a...

Solar energy is an attractive renewable energy source because the sun's energy is plentiful and carbon-free. However, solar energy is intermittent and not suitable for base load electricity generation without an energy backup system. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is unique among other renewable...

This paper presents a method for multidisciplinary design optimization of offshore wind turbines at system level. The formulation and implementation that enable the integrated aerodynamic and structural design of the rotor and tower simultaneously are detailed. The objective function to be...

Sustainable energy decision-making requires comparing energy options across a wide range of economic, environmental, social and technical implications. However, such comparisons based on quantitative data are currently limited at the national level. This is the first comparison of 13 currently...

We explore the implications for the optimal degree of fiscal decentralization when people’s preferences for goods and services—which classic treatments of fiscal federalism (Oates in Fiscal federalism, <CitationRef CitationID="CR16">1972</CitationRef>) place in the purview of local governments—exhibit specific egalitarianism (Tobin...</citationref>