The criticism of James, Solberg and Wolfson (JSW) (1999) by Oneal and Russett (OR) is not responsive to the methodologica] issues at stake. JSW argued that war is an endogenous feature of the world political and economic system. If its causes are to be measured, it must be as a structural...

In previous empirical work, the basis for the proposition that democratic countries do not fight each other has been a single equation regression of hostility on democracy and other variables. This approach is misleading for two reasons. First, peace and democracy are part of a simultaneous...

This article is founded on the assumption that cluster analysis can be used to complement regressionbased techniques to obtain further improvement in systematic understanding of the nexus of politics, economics, and conflict. It assumes such variables form part of a yet to be understood,...

War is carried out even in “peacetime†by exerting economic pressure in the form of forced deterring expenditure as well as by military threat. Peace can achieved only by considering both economic and military arms control. In this paper, disarmament and its verification by fiscal...

We should be clear what this paper has demonstrated and what it has not demonstrated. It has provided one case for a two party arms race in which a zone of deterrence does not exist and a zone of war initiation occupies the central region of the arms race plane. It has shown that the sufficient...

A nonlinear dynamic model is presented that reconciles balance-of-power and preponderance-of-power theories of international conflict in terms of the interaction of economic and political constraints. It is shown that the apparent paradox and complexity of conflict trajectories arise as much...

The interdependence of economic and military power have previously been discussed in terms of the ability of a dominant power to inflict economic costs on its opponent by requiring it to allocate scarce resources to a competitive arms race. This article turns the question around and asks what...

The ante-bellum history of the United States is modelled as the competing expansion of urban, slave and citizen fanners expanding into a frontier occupied by indigenous Native American and Mexican peoples. The resulting “irrepressible conflict†illustrates a circumstance in which all...