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What Does It Take to Establish that a World Is Uninhabited Prior to Exploitation? A Question of Ethics as well as Science
Persson, Erik - In: Challenges 5 (2014) 2, pp. 224-238
If we find life on another world, it will be an extremely important discovery and we will have to take great care not to do anything that might endanger that life. If the life we find is sentient we will have moral obligations to that life. Whether it is sentient or not, we have a duty to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010886251
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The Radiation Environment of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Linsky, Jeffrey L. - In: Challenges 5 (2014) 2, pp. 351-373
Exoplanets are born and evolve in the radiation and particle environment created by their host star. The host star’s optical and infrared radiation heats the exoplanet’s lower atmosphere and surface, while the ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet and X-radiation control the photochemistry and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010941666
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The Wickedness and Complexity of Decision Making in Geoengineering
Zhang, Yanzhu; Posch, Alfred - In: Challenges 5 (2014) 2, pp. 390-408
Geoengineering, the deliberate large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change, has been more widely considered as an accompanying strategy to conventional climate change mitigation measures to combat global warming. However, this approach is far...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010945689
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The Detection and Characterization of Extrasolar Planets
Rice, Ken - In: Challenges 5 (2014) 2, pp. 296-323
exoplanets. The different methods for detectingsuch planets are sensitive to different regions of parameter space, and so, we are …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010930304
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A New Compendium of Soil Respiration Data for Africa
Epule, Terence Epule - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 88-97
to a lot of possible analytical methods such as correlation analysis, multiple linear regressions, artificial neural …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011268476
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Perspectives of Feedstock Supply for Biomass-Based Energy Plant Development in India: Views from an Expert Survey
Hassan, Md. Kamrul; Natarajan, Karthikeyan; Pelkonen, Paavo - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 71-87
Utilization of renewable energy resources is imperative due to energy access, energy security, and energy sustainability coupled with the rising environmental concern. India is one of the largest land mass countries in the world and amply bestowed with biomass resources. Investigations on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011268477
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On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030
Andrae, Anders S. G.; Edler, Tomas - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 117-157
This work presents an estimation of the global electricity usage that can be ascribed to Communication Technology (CT) between 2010 and 2030. The scope is three scenarios for use and production of consumer devices, communication networks and data centers. Three different scenarios, best,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271516
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Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment of Low, Mid and High-Rise Multi-Family Dwellings
Bawden, Kimberly; Williams, Eric - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 98-116
We undertake Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for a portfolio of 10 multi-family residences in the U.S. We argue that prior LCA studies of buildings use an inconsistent boundary for processes to be included in the supply chain:...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011271517
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Indian Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Supply Surplus Biomass to an Envisioned Biomass-Based Power Plant
Zyadin, Anas; Natarajan, Karthikeyan; Chauhan, Suresh; … - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 42-54
The main objectives of this socio-technical study are to investigate the Indian farmers’ biomass production capacities and their perceptions and willingness to supply their surplus biomass to fuel an envisioned biomass-based power plant in three selected Indian states: Maharashtra, Madhya...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011274564
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Regional Transport Indicators Used in Sweden for Measurement, Reporting and Verification of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions
Robertson, Kerstin; Jägerbrand, Annika; Eriksson, Jan R. - In: Challenges 6 (2015) 1, pp. 55-70
. Therefore, this paper analyses the use of indicators, evaluation methods and data availability at local and regional levels for …. However, there are limitations with all methods and the design of evaluations needs careful consideration in order to reflect …, survey methods need to be used in order to follow up the most common indicators. All evaluation methods need to be …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011255353