In this paper, we estimate the size and the evolution of the Romanian shadow economy in the period 1998Q1-2008Q4, using a vector error correction model. A special attention it was given to the problem of non-stationarity and cointegration. The results ind

We review existing estimates of the size of the Spanish underground economy, apply the Ahumada et al. (2007, RIW) correction procedure to some of them and calculate the size of the underground economy in Spain for the period 1960 through 2009 by using the modified-cash-deposits-ratio (MCDR)...

We contribute to the debate on how to assess the size of the shadow economy by proposing a reinterpretation of the traditional Currency Demand Approach (CDA) a là Tanzi. In particular, we introduce three main innovations. First, we take a direct measure of cash transactions (the flow of cash...

We review existing estimates of the size of the Spanish underground economy, apply the Ahumada et al. (2007, RIW) correction procedure to some of them and calculate the size of the underground economy in Spain for the period 1960 through 2009 by using the modified-cash-deposits-ratio (MCDR)...

Based on the Ahumada et al. (2007, Review of Income and Wealth) critique we revise existing estimates of the size of the German underground economy. Among other things, it turns out that most of these estimates are untenable and that the tax pressure induced size of the German underground...

We review existing estimates of the size of the Spanish underground economy, apply the Ahumada et al. (Rev Income Wealth 53(2):363–371, <CitationRef CitationID="CR3">2007</CitationRef>) correction procedure to some of them and calculate the size of the underground economy in Spain for the period 1960–2009 by using the...</citationref>

Based on the Ahumada et al. (2007, Review of Income and Wealth) critique we revise existing estimates of the size of the German underground economy. Among other things, it turns out that most of these estimates are untenable and that the tax pressure induced size of the German underground...

In this empirical study, we analyze the relationship between carry trade positions and some key financial as well as macroeconomic variables using a multivariate threshold model. It is often stated that the Swiss franc serves as a funding currency. We therefore focus on carry trades based on the...

This study investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic performance for the total economy as well as for industry, transport, and residential sectors for Tunisia during the period 1980-2007. The application of Vector error correction model (VECM) for...