The mainstream model of option pricing is based on an exogenously given process of price movements. The implication of this assumption is that price movements are not affected by actions of market participants. However, if we assume that there are indeed impacts on the price movements it no...

For some activities, where some agents do not have permanent funding, it is necessary to resort to leasing. External leasing operations have to be billed by the beneficiaries in Romania, registered as payers of value added tax. This operation is made on the date fixed by contract for payment of...

In this article we intend to present a software model, made with the help of the generator of management expert systems Exsys Proffesional / Corvid / Developer, a program to help us in the sub-stantiation decision to invest in an asset of the nature of the land or construction appealing to the...

Denote the integer lattice points in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$N$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <mi>N</mi> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional Euclidean space by <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$\mathbb {Z}^N$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and assume that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$X_\mathbf{n}$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> </msub> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$\mathbf{n} \in \mathbb {Z}^N$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a linear random field. Sharp rates of convergence of histogram estimates...</equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation>

We propose a bootstrap detection for operationally deterministic versus stochastic nonlinear modelling and illustrate the method with both simulated and real data sets.