Irrigation with wastewater supports agricultural production and the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in many parts of the world. Considering the importance of better wastewater management at the local and national levels, there is a need for updated national data on wastewater...

European environmental groups have been calling to switch from imported agricultural produce to locally grown produce, citing positive social and economic impacts as well as environmental ones; and especially the benefit of reducing the environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions caused...

A novel comprehensive utilization system of oil shale involving retort subsystem, combustion subsystem, electricity generation and ash processing subsystem is recommended for Huadian oil shale. To ensure the thermal balance and stable operation of the whole system, part of non-condensable gases...

Over 150 forms of impact assessment can be identified using Google searches, with several new forms appearing since 2003. Since then, the popularity of the various members of the impact assessment family has changed, partly in response to legislative and regulatory changes, and general trends in...

The paper follows a systematic process to identify and assess the potential social impacts that the proposed Burgas-Alexandroupolis oil pipeline may have in the Evros prefecture. Based on already existent analytical frameworks (IAIA, World Bank, IPIECA), the paper concludes that in the exception...

Ethical banking, microfinance institutions or certain credit cooperatives, among others, grant socially responsible loans. This paper presents a credit score system for them. The model evaluates both social and financial aspects of the borrower. The financial aspects are evaluated under the...

This paper provides the joint assessment of the staff of the World Bank and the IMF on the interim poverty reduction strategy paper (I-PRSP) prepared by the government of the Commonwealth of Dominica and submitted to the World Bank and the IMF. The preparation of this I-PRSP—the later...

This paper presents the Joint Staff Assessment of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Benin. The IMF staff has determined that Benin’s PRSP contains a credible poverty reduction strategy. The main strengths of the PRSP are the comprehensiveness of the strategic framework and...