Wave energy extraction requires the conversion of the energy within the waves to drive the power take off system, often by means of a principal interface, or collector. This paper describes part of the development of a robust, systematic method of optimizing the collector shape to improve energy...

Wind farm layout design is a complex optimization problem consisting of number of design objectives and constraints. Different variations of this problem have been solved using several optimization techniques. Iterative heuristics are well-known optimization techniques that have been applied to...

Currently commercialised stand-alone street lighting systems based on the classical configuration coupling photovoltaic cells (PV) and battery cannot work all the year round in regions that are far from the equator. To improve the classical system, a hybrid system coupling a PV, a battery and a...

In general, any activity requires a longer action often characterized by a degree of uncertainty, insecurity, in terms of size of the objective pursued. Because of the complexity of real economic systems, the stochastic dependencies between different variables and parameters considered, not all...

<Para ID="Par1">Within the recent EU Water Framework Directive and the modification introduced into national water-related legislation, monitoring assumes great importance in the frame of territorial managerial activities. Recently, a number of public environmental agencies have invested resources in planning...</para>

В статье уточняется определение оптимизации. Предлагается классификация основных методов оптимизации, используемых в экономике и менеджменте. Особое внимание...

Distributed generation has gained a lot of attractions in the power sector due to its ability in power loss reduction, increased reliability, low investment cost, and most significantly, to exploit renewable-energy resources, which produce power with minimum greenhouse-gas emissions like wind,...

Pneumatic actuators are often used in industrial automation for reasons related to their good power/weight ratio, easy maintenance and assembly operations, clean operating conditions and low cost. This set of advantages, is, however, made up for by the difficulties met during the design.

This paper addresses the optimal operation of an offshore wind farms (OWF), consisting of 120 wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) and a high voltage dc (HVdc) connection with the grid, using line commutated converters (LCC). For an optimal operation of the OWF, the...