Makers of the branded drugs evaluated were given market exclusivity extensions for conducting studies of their medications in children. The costs found in this study are just a small portion of the total paid, which include those born by other payers. Whether the benefits of this policy outweigh...

Scholars from a wide variety of disciplines who have studied technological advance in some detail have converged on the proposition that technological advance needs to be understood as proceeding through an evolutionary process characterized by multiple search efforts, deep intertechnological...

Este artículo pretende analizar los factores que influyen en el alcance (catching up) de seis diferentes sistemas sectoriales —el automotriz, el de las telecomunicaciones, el farmacéutico, el de software, el de los semiconductores, el agroalimentario— en distintos países: China, India,...

This paper proposes that economic development can fruitfully be understood as an evolutionary process, in the sense that it involves the introduction to the economy of many new ways of doing things, a good portion of which fail, with the ones that survive providing the basis for the next round...

This paper aims to put together two strands of economic analysis. One is concerned with technological progress as the key driving force behind economic development. The other is concerned with the role of institutions in shaping economic activity, and with how institutions change in the process...

The existence of profound relationships of some sorts between innovation, industrialization and economic development is now generally acknowledged in both economic history and economic theory. However, the conditions which foster technological learning and its successful incorporation into the...

The history of a number of industries is marked by a succession of eras, associated with different dominant technologies. Within any era, industry concentration tends to grow. Particular eras are broken by the introduction of a new technology which, while initially inferior to the established...