Çaðdaþ dönem öncesi Ortadoðu ekonomisinin Ýslam hukukuna dayanan kilit kurumlarý, demokratik kurumlarýn geliþimini engelledi. Bu konuþma, kritik rol oynayan üç mekanizmayý tanýmlamaktadýr. Kur’an’da belirtilen vergi sistemi yönetim üzerinde kalýcý ve güvenilir...

The world's predominantly Muslim countries have long been underdeveloped. This paper classifies, critiques, and extends the mechanisms that have been proposed as explanations for the pattern. One mechanism involves the use of Islam to legitimize worldviews that served vested interests. Another...

The world's predominantly Muslim countries have long been underdeveloped. This paper classifies, critiques and extends the analytical mechanisms that have been proposed as explanations for the pattern. One mechanism involves the use of Islam to legitimize worldviews that serve vested interests....

A feature shared by certain major revolutions is that they were not anticipated. Here is an explanation, which hinges on the observation that people who come to dislike their government are apt to hide their desire for change as long as the opposition seems weak. Because of this preference...

Public opinion breeds tyranny by forcing individuals to refrain from voicing their genuine thoughts and feelings. The means used to mitigate such tyranny include the separation of governmental powers, the ethic of tolerance, and the secret ballot. Yet neither individually nor collectively do...