Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat (1689-1755) A törvények szelleméről című híres művében néhány fejezetet szentelt a pénz szerepének. E tanulmány rekonstruálni igyekszik Montesquieu nézetrendszerét a pénzről, az árakról, a pénzkínálat és az árak...

Given the recurrence of the instability cycle and the higher probability of the economy to avoid falling into the liquidity trap if inflation is higher when a bubble bursts, then higher inflation is preferable. This paper suggests the monetary policy objective can be enhanced by shifting it from...

Inflation is mainly a monetary phenomenon, but it has important consequences on the real economy, mainly because the price system does not meet anymore its role of proper allocation of resources. In most of the developed countries, inflation started to be kept under control by the monetary...

The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) initiative aims to establish a single market for retail payments in euro, for which major progress has been made. Understanding the effects of financial innovation and new payment media on the demand for money is very important in this context. The aim of...

When limited commitment hinders unsecured credit, assets help by serving as collateral. We study models where assets differ in pledgability - the extent to which they can be used to secure loans - and hence liquidity. Although many previous analyses of imperfect credit focus on producers, we...

There is a demand for safe assets, either government bonds or private substitutes, for use as collateral. Government bonds are safe assets, given the government's power to tax, but their supply is driven by fiscal considerations, and does not necessarily meet the private demand for safe assets....

The current discussion about stability of the European money demand function is flawed by a confusion of two different concepts of stability (adjustment speed versus error variance). The meaning and importance of the underlying notions of stability is clarified. It is demonstrated that necessary...

The European Central Bank has assigned a special role to money in its two pillar strategy and has received much criticism for this decision. The case against including money in the central banks interest rate rule is based on a standard model of the monetary transmission process that underlies...

During the turbulent 1970s and 1980s the Bundesbank established an outstanding reputation in the world of central banking. Germany achieved a high degree of domestic stability and provided safe haven for investors in times of turmoil in the international financial system. Eventually the...

Research with Keynesian-style models has emphasized the importance of the output gap for policies aimed at controlling inflation while declaring monetary aggregates largely irrelevant. Critics, however, have argued that these models need to be modified to account for observed money growth and...