We estimate how spending in Texas responded to a 1997 constitutional amendment that relaxed severe restrictions on home equity lending. We use this event as a natural experiment to estimate the importance of credit constraints. If households are credit-constrained, such an increase in credit...

The impact of monetary policy on agriculture has been much debated. This study examines the dynamic responses of U.S. agricultural prices to money-supply shocks using three innovations. First, the variables' responses are identified by long-run money neutrality restrictions instead of the more...

This paper examines cross-country variation in the liquidity effect - the negative response of interest rates to money supply shocks - focusing on the role of financial factors in explaining this variation. We estimate the liquidity effect for each of 21 countries using VAR models in which money...