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The estimation of models involving discrete mixtures is a common practice in econometrics, for example to account for unobserved heterogeneity. However, the literature is relatively uninformative about the measurement of the precision of the parameters. This note provides an analytical...
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We consider maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of mean and covariance structure models when data are missing. Expectation maximization (EM), generalized expectation maximization (GEM), Fletcher-Powell, and Fisher-scoring algorithms are described for parameter estimation. It is shown how the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010775986
Normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (ML) and multiple imputation (MI) are the two major procedures for missing data analysis. This article compares the two procedures with respects to bias and efficiency of parameter estimates. It also compares formula-based standard errors (SEs) for...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010614757
An important property of Fisher information is that it decreases weakly under transformation of random variables. Kagan and Rao (2003) [A. Kagan, C.R. Rao, Some properties and applications of the efficient Fisher score, J. Statist. Plann. Inference 116 (2003) 343–352] showed that, in the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011042031
The estimation of models involving discrete mixtures is a common practice in econometrics, for example to account for unobserved heterogeneity. However, the literature is relatively uninformative about the measurement of the precision of the parameters. This note provides an analytical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005556375
both size and industry composition. We find that German firms are more likely to use derivatives than US firms, with 78% of … German firms using derivatives compared to 57% of US firms. Aside from this higher overall usage, the general pattern of … derivative usage is most common, followed closely by interest rate derivatives, with commodity derivatives a distant third. Usage …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010986461