CdTe is considered as a viable absorber material for the thin film solar cell because of its excellent material … more advantageous for CdTe solar cells. …

The paper is concerned with the results of a thorough energy and life cycle assessment (LIA) of CdTe and CIS … impact indicators (with special reference to CdTe systems), in spite of their still comparatively lower efficiencies. …

I–III–VI2 chalcopyrite compound Cu(Inx, Ga1−x)Se2 (CIGS) single crystal were successfully grown by traveling heater … method (THM). The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the CIGS showed preferred orientations of (112), (220) and (312 …) planes, confirming the chalcopyrite structure. In Raman spectra, the A1 mode peaks expected for CIGS were observed, and no …

substrate and the back contact layer in flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) devices was found to reduce metal ion … diffusion from the substrate and reduce the number of defects at the CIGS absorber layer, as determined from the secondary ion …

The EU advocates a household waste recycling rate of more than 70%. Although the Netherlands already years ago invested … in recycling policies heavily, this is still a large challenge as nowadays on average this rate is approximately 50% and … policies are effective in increasing the recycling rates. Based on a large panel data set for the Netherlands , we show that …

and for the replacement of unsorted waste with recycling. Although many studies have shown that UBP has a short-run effect … on recycling, few works have tackled the long-run effect on waste generation and recycling. By using panel data for 665 … Japanese cities over 8 years, we examine the long-run effect of UBP on waste generation and recycling. The estimation results …

This paper analyses recycling of waste and downgrading of secondary resources using a classical type of production … recycling of waste are negatively or positively priced, depending upon technological conditions and income distribution. In …

This paper comprehensively analyzes the historical evolution of waste treatment and recycling practices in Japan since … primarily focused on safe disposal and incineration to more integral and proactive policies with recycling practices. The most …) material recycling with ambitious recycling targets for specific wastes, and (3) an integral resource management approach that …