This paper discusses the error transfer from the slope of optical surface to the focus ray. It presents a general equation to calculate the standard deviation of the refractive ray error from that of slope error of the optical surface through geometric optics analysis, applying the equation to...

A numerical method is proposed to calculate the income distribution and Gini coefficient of the total population from the limited data of subgroups. The method is optimized to simulate the Lorenz curve of each subgroup with the third spline interpolation, and the cumulative income distribution...

The fabrication process of Si-steel thin-strip by twin-roll continuous casting was described and the quality of the obtained Si-steel thin-strip was measured. Si-steel strips with 0.5–6.5 wt.% Si content were successfully prepared, and proper parameters including pouring temperature, height of...

There is not enough land for the current bioenergy production process because of its low annual yield per unit land. In the present paper, an integrated biomass production and conversion process for sustainable bioenergy is proposed and analyzed. The wastes from the biomass conversion process,...

The fixed mirror solar collector (FMSC) fixes reflector and mobiles receiver to collect solar energy. However, this type of concentrator has a low efficiency and short operating duration in practical applications. In this paper, we propose to install the FMSC on an azimuth tracking device...

The design of the flow field greatly affects the flow distribution and the final performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The clamping force between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the flow field plate (FFP) will cause the inhomogeneous compression of the GDL. Then...

The aim of this article is to give a general introduction to the theory of interacting particle methods, and an overview of its applications to computational finance. We survey the main techniques and results on interacting particle systems and explain how they can be applied to the numerical...

We present a new algorithm to compute the Snell envelope in the specific case where the criteria to optimize is associated with a small probability or a rare event. This new approach combines the Stochastic Mesh approach of Broadie and Glasserman with a particle approximation scheme based on a...

We analyze the robustness properties of the Snell envelope backward evolution equation for the discrete time optimal stopping problem. We consider a series of approximation schemes, including cut-off type approximations, Euler discretization schemes, interpolation models, quantization tree...