generally to all regions and types of operation. A key focus of this paper is on vertically integrated railways owned by mining …

; Mintzberg, 1982; Alter, 1995, 1996) facing the challenge of openness to competition. We analyse the participative innovation … companies involved in markets opening to competition as in the example of this company. …

South Korea, like many countries, is engaged in a policy debate concerning possible railways reforms. However, unlike … a second train company that would supply on-track competition to KTX trains. While such a policy may indeed lead to … promising reform strategy may be to introduce competition into freight rail. Based on the Latin American experience, creating …

. In seaports a crucial distinction is often that between intraport and interport competition; in freight railways, between … competition among train operating companies over a monopoly track and competition among vertically integrated railways. In both …One important issue facing reformers considering the restructuring of the seaports and freight railways sectors of a …

consumers. The regulator designs a mechanism that guarantees financing of the essential input and adequate competition in the …

model emerging from the 2003 Railroad Law which, after January 2005, introduced vertical separation and competition in the …

relating to rail is quite different. In most cases until recently railways have been integrated organisations with the same … railways rather than by one railway operating over the tracks of another, made the issue of no relevance here. The change in … separation of infrastructure from operations in order to encourage new entry and to promote competition between different rail …